來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的pun,pen 意為to punish,pen 變形為poen。同義詞根為來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的veng。 (*拉丁文poena (=penalty),punire (=to punish)——英文字根字典) 1.impunity(不受懲罰 im<in(=not) + pun(=punish)) n.免除(懲罰、損害等) Citizens bribe public officials with impunity in many third world nation. 在許多第三世界國(guó)家,公民向公務(wù)員行賄可以不受懲罰。 2.penal(是懲罰、刑罰的 pen (=punishment)) adj.刑罰的,刑事的 penalize v.對(duì)...處罰;使處于不利地位 penalty n.處罰,刑罰;罰金;犯規(guī)處罰 penally adv.用刑罰;刑事上 The warden has been advocating penal reform for many years.那監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng)很多年以來(lái)一直在提倡刑罰改革。 3.impenitent adj.不知悔改的 *im<in(=not) 4.impunity n.不受懲罰;免受傷害《im- = in = not》 5.penance n.贖罪,苦修 6.penitence n.后悔,改過(guò);懺悔 7.penitent adj.悔罪的;后悔的 8.penitential adj.后悔的,懺悔的,悔過(guò)的;苦修贖罪的 9.penology n.刑罰學(xué);監(jiān)獄管理學(xué) 10.punishment n.懲罰,處罰,懲戒;刑罰;<口>虐待 punish v.懲罰 punishable adj.可處罰的 capital punishment 極刑 corporal punishment 體罰 disciplinary punishment 紀(jì)律處罰 divine punishment 天罰 11.punitive adj.刑罰的;懲罰的 punitive expedition 討伐 punitive justice 困果報(bào)應(yīng) 12.repent v.后悔,悔改 *re(=again,back) 13.repentant adj.后悔的,悔改的 *re(=again,back) repentant sinner 悔過(guò)自新的罪人 repentant of his folly 對(duì)自己的愚蠢行為感到后悔 the righteous and the repentant 正人君子和悔改者 14.subpoena n.[律]傳票 v.傳喚,傳訊 *sub(=under) ,poen<pen(=punish) be subpoenaed as a withness 作為證人被傳喚 15.penitentiary n.監(jiān)獄 adj.導(dǎo)致監(jiān)禁的;用做懲處的;監(jiān)獄的 (使其反悔的地方)《-ary 表示場(chǎng)所的后綴》 16.penalize v.宣告有罪;規(guī)定應(yīng)罰