// 動詞的過去式和過去分詞 // 一、什么是動詞 1）The dogs ran and jumped. 這些狗又跑又跳。 2）I am happy. 我是快樂的。 二、動詞的形態(tài) 1.原形：動詞的基本形態(tài) 做一般現(xiàn)在時，從過去到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)的狀態(tài) 2.過去式： 做一般過去時，過去的狀態(tài)，翻譯為“了” 3.過去分詞： （1）和助動詞have結(jié)合做完成時，已經(jīng)做了，翻譯為“已經(jīng)...” （2）和助動詞be結(jié)合做被動語態(tài)，翻譯為“被做...” 1）I do something. 我做一些事。 2）I did my homework. 我做了作業(yè)。 3）I have done all the things. 我已經(jīng)做完了所有事情。 The homework is done/have been done. 作業(yè)被做了/已經(jīng)被做了。 4）原形：Don't forget to lock the door.別忘了關(guān)上門。 過去式：Are you sure you locked the front door？你確定鎖了前門嗎？ 過去分詞：I have locked the doors and windows.我已經(jīng)鎖好了門窗。 The doors are locked from the inside.門從里面被鎖上了。 三、動詞的變化 1.規(guī)則的變化 （1）大部分動詞在圓形詞尾加ed 原形 過去式（已經(jīng)...） 過去分詞（被...） ask 問 asked asked end 結(jié)束 ended ended walk 走 walked walked want 想要 wanted wanted work 工作 worked worked look 看 looked looked （2）詞尾為e者只加d（e通常不發(fā)音） 原形 過去式 過去分詞 agree 同意 agreed agreed die 死 died died like 喜歡 liked liked live 居住 lived lived cite 引用 cited cited love 愛 loved loved guide引導(dǎo) guided guided welcome 歡迎 welcomed welcomed （3）詞尾為輔音+y者，將y改成i，再加ed 原形 過去式 過去分詞 cry 哭 cried cried dry 弄干 dried dried try 嘗試 tried tried study 學(xué)習(xí) studied studied （4）詞尾為元音+y者，直接在y后加ed 原形 過去式 過去分詞 delay 延遲 delayed delayed obey 遵守 obeyed obeyed destroy 破壞 destroyed destroyed play 玩 played played （5）短元音字母+單輔音字母，企鵝為單音節(jié)詞，要重復(fù)輔音字母 原形 過去式 過去分詞 beg 祈求 begged begged pat 輕拍 patted patted rob 搶 robbed robbed drop 滴下 dropped dropped plan 計劃 planned planned stop 停止 stopped stopped wed 結(jié)婚 wedded wedded （6）兩個音節(jié)的詞，重音在第二音節(jié)，詞尾為單輔音字母時，需要重復(fù)輔音字母 原形 過去式 過去分詞 admit 承認 admitted admitted occur 發(fā)生 occurred occurred omit 省略 omitted omitted control 控制 controlled controlled permit 允許 permitted permitted prefer 比較喜歡 preferred preferred transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移 transferred transferred （5）（6）可歸納為重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，不論是一個還是兩個音節(jié)詞，一律雙寫詞尾字母。 元音紫門結(jié)尾叫開音節(jié)，輔音字母結(jié)尾叫閉音節(jié)。閉音節(jié)氛圍重讀閉音節(jié)和非重讀閉音節(jié)。 以元音+輔音結(jié)尾的單詞，是閉音節(jié)詞，元音發(fā)短音，所以是重讀閉音節(jié)詞。 （7）詞尾為c，發(fā)音為/k/時，加字母k再加ed 原形 過去式 過去分詞 picnic 野餐 picnicked picnicked birouac 露營 birouacked birouacked mimic 模仿 mimicked mimicked frolic 嬉戲 frolicked frolicked 2.不規(guī)則的變化 （1）A-A-A型 原形 過去式 過去分詞 read 讀 read read cost 話費 cost cost cut 切 cut cut hit 打 hit hit hurt 傷害 hurt hurt let 讓 let let put 放 put put set 設(shè)定 set set shut 關(guān)閉 shut shut （2）A-B-A型 原形 過去式 過去分詞 come 來 came come become 變成 became become overcome 克服 overcame overcome run 跑 ran run （3）A-A-B型 原形 過去式 過去分詞 beat 打 beat beaten （4）A-B-B型 加t既成過去式和過去分詞 原形 過去式 過去分詞 burn 燃燒 burnt，burned burnt，burned deal 交易 dealt dealt dream 做夢 dreamt，dreamed dreamt，dreamed lean 依靠 leant，leaned leant，leaned learn 學(xué)習(xí) learnt，learned learnt，learned mearn 意思是 meant meant spoil 寵壞 spoilt，spoiled spoilt，spoiled 去一個輔音字母再加t 原形 過去式 過去分詞 smell 聞 smelt，smelled smelt，smelled spell 拼詞 spelt，spelled spelt，spelled spill 灑出 spilt，spilled spilt，spilled 以字母d結(jié)尾，將d改成t 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bend 玩去 bent bent build 建造 built built lend 借 lent lent rend 撕碎 rent rent send 送寄 sent sent spend 話費 spent spent 將兩個相同元音變成一個元音 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bleed 流血 bled bled breed 養(yǎng)育 bred bred feed 喂 fed fed meet 遇見 met met shoot 射擊 shot shot leed 帶領(lǐng) led led 將i改成u 原形 過去式 過去分詞 cling 抓緊 clung clung dig 挖掘 dug dug sling 投擲 slung slung stick 粘貼，刺 stuck stuck strick 打擊 struck struck swing 擺動 swung swung wring 擰扭 wrung wrung 將i改成ou 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bind 捆綁 bound bound find 找到 found found wind 蜿蜒 wound wound 去掉一個元音再+t 原形 過去式 過去分詞 feel 覺得 felt felt keep 保持 kept kept kneel 跪 knelt knelt sleep 睡 slept slept sweep 掃 swept swept weep 哭泣 wept wept augh或ough 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bring 帶來 brought brought buy 買 bought bought catch 捕獲 caught caught fight 大家 fought fought seek 尋找 sought sought teach 教 taught taught thingk 想 thought thought 去掉詞尾e 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bite 咬 bit bit hide 躲藏 hid hid slide 滑行 slid slid 將y改成id 原形 過去式 過去分詞 lay 放置 laid laid pay 付錢 paid paid say 說 said said 其它類型 原形 過去式 過去分詞 sell 賣 sold sold tell 告訴 told told hold 握住 held held awake 叫醒 awoke awoke forget 旺季 forgot forgot get 得到 got got have 有 had had hear 聽到 heard heard leave 離開 left left light 點燃 light，lit light，lit lose 遺失 lost lost make 制造 made made sit 坐 sat sat stand 站 stood stood understand 理解 understood understood wake 醒來 woke，waked woke，waked win 贏 won won hang 懸掛 hung hung （5）A-B-C型 元音全部不同 原形 過去式 過去分詞 begin 開始 began begun drink 喝 drank drnnk ring 鈴響 rang rung sing 唱 sang sung swim 有用 swam swum drive 開車 drove driven rise 上升 rose risen ride 騎 rode ridden 過去式和過去分詞元音相同 原形 過去式 過去分詞 bear 忍受 bore born wear 穿著 wore worn break 打破 broke broken speak 說話 spoke spoken steal 偷 stole stolen choose 選擇 chose chosen freeze 結(jié)冰 froze fozen lie 躺 lay lain 其它 原形 過去式 過去分詞 eat 吃 ate eaten give 給 gave given see 看 saw seen shake 搖動 shook shaken take 拿 took taken fly 飛 flew flown know 知道 knew known throw 投擲 threw thrown （6）助動詞的變化 原形 過去式 過去分詞 shall 將 should - will 將 would - can 能 could - may 也去 might - must 必須 - - ought 必須 - - do 做 did done be 是，在，被 was/were been
