代詞one, it,that的用法在歷屆高考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,是高考的熱點之一。筆者結合自己的教學實踐在此談談它們的一些具體用法,希望能對同學們有一定的幫助。 籠統(tǒng)地說,it指代的是同類同物,that指代的是同類異物,one指的是上下文中提到的同類事物中的一個。以下是具體的區(qū)別: 1.one, it, that常常用來代替或避免重復某個名詞。例如: ①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden. ②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom. ③The population of China is larger than that of any other country. 2.one可指人或物,只替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,復數(shù)用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修飾語,如the, this, that…修飾就變成了特指。如: ①One must do one's duty. ②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one. ③The new designs are much better than the old ones. 3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,具有“特指”性質。指的是同類事物中的另一樣東西,即同類異物。如:The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一個圖書館。) 4.One 和that 在代替可數(shù)名詞時,如果沒有前置定語只有后置定語時,the one 和that可互換。但該名詞如有前置定語,則只能用the one,而不能用that。簡單的說,就是one相當于an/a+名詞,that相當于the+名詞。例如: ①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那個座位旁邊。 ②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替換 )。 5.That的復數(shù)形式those代替可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)??芍溉嘶蛭?,一般后面跟修飾語。如: ①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past. ②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains. 6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名詞做定語從句的先行詞時,其關系代詞which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如: ①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago. 7.代替不可數(shù)名詞時,應該用that。如:The equipment is different from that. 8.it代替上文所提到的名詞時,是指同類事物中的同一樣東西,即同類事物。如:I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it. 9.it和that可代替前面整個句子的意思,而one卻不能;that可引導一個限定性定語從句,代替某個先行詞(單復數(shù)名詞均可),it和one則不能;it可代替不定式、動名詞或從句,用作形式主語或形式賓語,也可用于強調句型中,而one和that則不能。