by reference

基本解釋

The route is best seen by reference to the map.
參照地圖能將這條路線看得十分清楚。
《新英漢大辭典》
You can also pass the object by reference in SOAP, as I will explain in a future installment of this column.
您也可以在 SOAP 下通過引用傳遞對象，我在本專欄的下一部分中將對此作解釋。
By enabling pass by reference, the parameters of the method are not copied to the stack with every remote call, which can be expensive.
通過引用傳遞，方法的參數(shù)沒有被復(fù)制到每個遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的堆棧中，而這個復(fù)制過程可能是代價高的。

This latest reference by Mr.Rudd, who is likely to face a general election later this years, has been dismissed as early electioneering by members of the Japanese government.
But how did Plato intend this dialogue to be understood? Note that Socrates never defends himself by reference to the doctrine of unlimited free speech.
但柏拉圖到底想要這場辯證,如何被理解呢？請注意,蘇格拉底的自辯從未援引,無限自由言論學(xué)說。
耶魯公開課 - 政治哲學(xué)導(dǎo)論課程節(jié)選
The problems that Frost's poetry poses for us as readers are not problems of reference. They can't be solved by footnotes.
他的詩歌給我們的困難,不是參考的問題，它們不能就用腳注解決。
耶魯公開課 - 現(xiàn)代詩歌課程節(jié)選

It is a fund separately identified by reference to contributions by a donor or donors.
FORBES: Cutting Taxes While Doing Good