have contributed to

基本解釋

Nor is it really possible to decide how much individuals have contributed to a complex, cooperative, system of production, in order to reward them according to their labor.
為了根據(jù)他們的勞動給予他們報酬，從而判定個人對一個復(fù)雜的互助生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)做了多少貢獻，這在實際上也是不可能的。
It further notes examples of cooperation between the UN and partners, in particular, the private sector, which have contributed to the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty.
進一步注意到聯(lián)合國與所有相關(guān)伙伴，尤其是私營部門合作的寶貴范例，它已經(jīng)在謀求發(fā)展及消滅貧窮中做出了貢獻。
High energy prices—Chile imports almost all its oil and gas—have contributed to a blip in inflation.
高能源價格—智利幾乎進口它所有的石油和天然氣—已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了通貨膨脹。

"We have also reduced people's vulnerabilities by increasing civil service pay, by settling arrears,all of which have contributed to corruption,".
If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.
如果你是一個公司的股東,或者和別人一起做作業(yè)及其他合作項目,你們需要注意到因為外部性,實際上每個人都付出了較少的努力
耶魯公開課 - 博弈論課程節(jié)選
Many observers say those policies have contributed to creating an impoverished, undereducated and isolated population.

We have contributed to many charitable causes but have never sought publicity for doing so.
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