spadework

音標發(fā)音

This will demand a large amount of spadework as well as one strategic choice.
這既需要大量的基礎(chǔ)工作，也需要管理層做出戰(zhàn)略選擇。
In the meantime, he says, macroeconomists should turn to patient empirical spadework, documenting crises past and present, in the hope that a fresh theory might later make sense of it all.
同時，他又說，宏觀經(jīng)濟應(yīng)對經(jīng)驗性的基礎(chǔ)工作更為耐心，記錄過去及現(xiàn)在的危機，希冀日后會有一種全新的理論能解釋這一切。
blog.sina.com.cn
No less important is the spadework being done by the Securities andExchange Commission, America'smain markets watchdog.
當然，美國市場的看門狗——證監(jiān)會所做的基礎(chǔ)工作也不可忽視。

After Congress's 1995 ruling, a Palestinian historian, Walid Khalidi, did a little spadework.
ECONOMIST: Jerusalem
And you will at least have done a lot of spadework if you decide to engage the services of a planner in the flesh.
FORBES: Watch Your Assets
The effort was referred to as WebGov, managed by a dedicated team at GSA who had been doing the spadework on the project for several years.
WHITEHOUSE: Statement of The Honorable Sally Katzen