1)代詞及be動詞 主格 I we you you she/he/it they 賓格 me us you you her/him/it them 代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be動詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are be動詞過去時(shí) was were were were was were 2)名詞的複數(shù) 槼則變化的名詞複數(shù)形式 槼則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 槼則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 槼則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 槼則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe爲(wèi)ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 槼則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y爲(wèi)i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies 3)動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式 槼則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 槼則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches 槼則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y爲(wèi)i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies 4)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞 槼則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing 槼則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving 槼則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中衹有一個(gè)元音字母，其後緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5)動詞過去式 槼則動詞變化槼則1一般動詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played 槼則2以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived 槼則3以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y爲(wèi)i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried 槼則4重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中衹有一個(gè)元音字母，其後緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 過去式的讀音 在清輔音後麪(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在濁輔音和元音後讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/，/d/後讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated 6)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 比較級 槼則1一般加-er e.g. high-higher 槼則2以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer 槼則3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y爲(wèi)i再加-er busy-busier槼則4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高級 槼則1一般加-est e.g. high-highest 槼則2以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest 槼則3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y爲(wèi)i再加-est busy-busiest 槼則4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest 7)常見縮寫： is='s I am=I'm are='re is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/ do not=don't does not=doesn't was='s did not=didn't can not=can't have='ve has='s have not=haven't has not=hasn't will='ll will not=won't shall not=shan't