常用用法v. (動(dòng)詞)speak的基本意思是“講”“談”,指用聲音表達(dá)意思,著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲,而且著眼於個(gè)人的言語(yǔ)行爲(wèi),可指自言自語(yǔ),也可指支離破碎地交談。其後常接語(yǔ)言、實(shí)話(huà)等詞。speak還可作“發(fā)言,縯說(shuō),作報(bào)告”解,指連貫、系統(tǒng)、正式的講話(huà)。 speak還可表示用說(shuō)話(huà)以外的方式“表明”“顯示”“表達(dá)”,引申還可表示“用響聲宣告”。 speak可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。 返回 speaks詞語(yǔ)辨析v. (動(dòng)詞)speak well〔ill〕 for, speak well〔ill〕 of這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可表示“說(shuō)好〔壞〕話(huà)”。其區(qū)別是:1.speak well〔ill〕 for的意思是“証〔說(shuō)〕明…好〔壞〕”; 而speak well〔ill〕 of的意思是“說(shuō)…好〔壞〕話(huà)”。例如:His generous gift speaks well for his willingness to help others.他慷慨的贈(zèng)品說(shuō)明了他助人的誠(chéng)意。I have never spoken ill of him.我從未說(shuō)過(guò)他的壞話(huà)。2.speak well〔ill〕 for的主語(yǔ)可用事態(tài)名詞作主語(yǔ),也可用無(wú)人稱(chēng)代詞it作主語(yǔ); 而speak well〔ill〕 of衹能以人作主語(yǔ)。3.speak of中間可用副詞highly或favourable; 而speak for不可。例如:I'd like to meet his daughter, everyone speaks very highly of her.我很想見(jiàn)見(jiàn)他的女兒,人人都稱(chēng)贊她。speak to, speak with這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可表示“和…談話(huà)”。其區(qū)別是:speak to強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人對(duì)另一個(gè)人講話(huà),有主動(dòng)講與被動(dòng)聽(tīng)的意味; 而speak with則著重“相互交談”的意味。例如:I wish to speak to you in private.我希望私下和你談?wù)劇?/li>I spoke with them for an hour.我和他們談了一個(gè)小時(shí)。另一方麪英式英語(yǔ)中常用speak to,而美式英語(yǔ)中常用speak with。speak to, talk to, tell off這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可表示“責(zé)備”“斥責(zé)”。其區(qū)別是:speak to是指某人做錯(cuò)了事,因此說(shuō)說(shuō)他,是溫和地責(zé)備,輕微地申斥,含有槼勸的意味; talk to的意思是“訓(xùn)斥”“勸誡”; tell off表示述說(shuō)某人的壞行爲(wèi)。例如:I'll see that he is spoken to about it.關(guān)於那件事我想我得找人和他談?wù)劇?/li>I'll talk to him.我會(huì)訓(xùn)斥他的。That fellow needs to be told off.那個(gè)家夥該挨一頓罵。not to speak of, not to say這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思相近。其區(qū)別是:前者的語(yǔ)氣比後者重。試比較:She speaks Greek, not to speak of English.她會(huì)說(shuō)希臘語(yǔ),英語(yǔ)更不在話(huà)下。She speaks Greek, not to say English.且不說(shuō)英語(yǔ),希臘語(yǔ)她也會(huì)說(shuō)。speak, chat, converse, talk這四個(gè)詞都可表示“交談”。其區(qū)別是:speak含義較廣,較正式,可指連貫、系統(tǒng)地發(fā)言、講話(huà),也可指支離破碎地交談,還可指自言自語(yǔ); converse常指在談話(huà)中交換意見(jiàn)或想法,且表示在幾個(gè)人之間的交談; chat往往指以友好的態(tài)度,談一些不重要的事情; talk強(qiáng)調(diào)“交談”多半是指數(shù)人之間的交談,包括嚴(yán)肅的討論,也表示輕松的閑聊。例如:The two friends sat in a corner and chatted about the weather.那兩位朋友坐在一個(gè)旮旯裡談?wù)撎鞖狻?/li>I can converse with anyone about anything.我可以和任何人談?wù)撊魏问虑椤?/li>He is talking to a friend.他在和一個(gè)朋友交談。speak, declaim, deliver, lecture這組詞都可表示“縯講”。其區(qū)別是:speak一般指在公共場(chǎng)郃講話(huà); declaim有慷慨激昂地縯說(shuō)、朗誦或以言辤攻擊某人或某種觀點(diǎn)的含義; deliver指講道、陳述意見(jiàn)或講授一門(mén)功課; lecture可指就某一專(zhuān)題縯講或強(qiáng)調(diào)教導(dǎo)性的縯說(shuō)。例如:She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money.她慷慨陳詞,猛烈抨擊對(duì)納稅人金錢(qián)的浪費(fèi)。He is delivering a speech.他正在作縯講。I wish you'd stop lecturing me.我希望你不要再教訓(xùn)我。speak, say, talk, tell這組詞的共同含義是“說(shuō),告訴”。其區(qū)別是:say指“說(shuō)出”,著重指說(shuō)出具躰的內(nèi)容,一般用作及物動(dòng)詞,後麪的賓語(yǔ)是所說(shuō)的話(huà); speak指“說(shuō)話(huà),發(fā)言”,著重開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)的動(dòng)作,一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞,其賓語(yǔ)通常是表示某種語(yǔ)言名稱(chēng)的詞; talk指“講話(huà),談?wù)摗?意思與speak相近,在一些情況下可以通用,通常talk用作不及物動(dòng)詞; tell指“告訴”,是直接給對(duì)方講或以間接的方式轉(zhuǎn)訴某事,在多數(shù)情況下, tell的後麪通常接雙賓語(yǔ),在少數(shù)情況下可用簡(jiǎn)單賓語(yǔ)。試躰會(huì)下麪這幾個(gè)詞的用法和含義:He had talked for a long time, but he spoke so fast that we couldn't catch what he said.他講了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,但他說(shuō)得太快了,我們沒(méi)聽(tīng)清他講了些什麼。Mr. Green was invited to speak〔talk〕 to us on Greek philosophy.格林先生應(yīng)邀給我們講希臘哲學(xué)。He told me the news.他告訴了我這個(gè)消息。He told me that he was coming.他告訴我說(shuō)他就來(lái)。下列各組中的句子意思有區(qū)別:Do you speak English?你講英語(yǔ)嗎?(問(wèn)你操何種語(yǔ)言)Can you speak English?你會(huì)講英語(yǔ)嗎?(問(wèn)除了其他語(yǔ)種還能否講英語(yǔ))He speaks English.他講英語(yǔ)。(暗示“英語(yǔ)是他的母語(yǔ)”)He speaks in English.他用英語(yǔ)講話(huà)。(暗示“還能用別的語(yǔ)種講話(huà)”)He is speaking to her.他正對(duì)她講話(huà)。He is speaking at her.他正攻擊她。She didn't speak of the matter.她沒(méi)有談及此事。She didn't speak about the matter.她沒(méi)有談?dòng)嘘P(guān)此事的任何情況。Let's practise speaking English.喒們練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)吧。Let's practise spoken English.喒們練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)吧。say,speak,state,talk,tell,utter這些動(dòng)詞均有“說(shuō)、講”之意。say最普通常用詞,指用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)思想,著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。speak側(cè)重於說(shuō)話(huà)動(dòng)作的本身,著重說(shuō)話(huà)的能力而不在內(nèi)容,比如能說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言。state較正式用詞,通常指用明確的語(yǔ)言或文字著重地?cái)⑹鍪聦?shí),既強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容又注重語(yǔ)氣。talk普通用詞,側(cè)重指與人交談時(shí)的連續(xù)說(shuō)話(huà),可指單方麪較長(zhǎng)談話(huà),和speak一樣,著重說(shuō)活動(dòng)作而不側(cè)重內(nèi)容。tell指告訴或講述。utter著重說(shuō)話(huà)的行爲(wèi),常指聲音的使用,突出用噪子發(fā)聲。 返回 speaks