非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1. 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

由“to be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

He needs to be taken care of. 他需要人照顧。

Not a sound was to be heard. 聽不到一點(diǎn)聲音。

It’s better to be prepared than unprepared. 有準(zhǔn)備比沒有準(zhǔn)備好。

【注】有時(shí)用不定式的完成體被動(dòng)式(to have been+過去分詞)：

I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我。

2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

The building being repaired is our library. 正在維修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。

Being protected by a wall，he felt quite safe. 有一堵墻保護(hù)，他感到很安全。

He was seen being taken away by the police. 有人看見他被警察帶走了。

【注】有時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體被動(dòng)式(having been+過去分詞)：非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因?yàn)檠?qǐng)我去講話，我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備。

3. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

由“being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

She likes being looked at. 她喜歡被人瞧。

He objected to being treated as a child. 他反對(duì)被當(dāng)成孩子看待。

This question is far from being settled. 這個(gè)問題遠(yuǎn)沒解決。

4. 過去分詞沒有被動(dòng)式

過去分詞本身可以表示被動(dòng)意義，但它沒有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如：

The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。