前綴-ant 是從法語(yǔ)引進(jìn)的,其根則在拉丁語(yǔ)。它有兩種屬性: 1)與動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞根相結(jié)合,構(gòu)成形容詞,其意思相當(dāng)于that ~s(...的),其作用相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中表示現(xiàn)在分詞的詞尾-ing。 2)加在動(dòng)詞后,構(gòu)成名詞,意思相當(dāng)于a person or thing that ~s,表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)者(人或物)。注意,凡以-ant 結(jié)尾的形容詞常有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的以-ance或-ancy結(jié)尾的名詞。 先介紹動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞根與-ant構(gòu)成形容詞的例子。 1.accordant adj.一致的;調(diào)和的 舉例:What he did is accordant with what he said. 他的言行是一致的。 2.triumphant adj.勝利的;成功的 舉例:The triumphant army marched into the enemy capital.獲勝的軍隊(duì)開(kāi)進(jìn)了敵國(guó)的首都。 3.distant [di- = apart 離;st = to stand 站立;-ant →“相離而立的”→] adj.遠(yuǎn)的,遠(yuǎn)離的 舉例:The sun is distant from the earth.太陽(yáng)離地球很遠(yuǎn)。 4.errant [err = to wander 漫游,離開(kāi)正道;-ant →“漫游的,離開(kāi)正道的”→] adj.周游的;漂泊的;走入岐途的;錯(cuò)誤的 舉例:He went to the casino to bring back his errant son.他到賭場(chǎng)將那走邪道的兒子帶回家。 5.vacant [vac = to be empty 空;-ant → ] adj.空的;未被占用的,閑置的 舉例:He tried to find a vacant seat for his mother.他想找個(gè)空位子給母親坐。 下面介紹幾個(gè)用-ant作名詞的派生詞。 1.assistant n.助手;幫手 舉例:I was her assistant in the library for a time.有段時(shí)間我曾在圖書(shū)館當(dāng)她的助手。 2.disinfectant n.消毒劑 舉例:Alcohol is a common disinfectant.酒精是種常用的消毒劑。 3.merchant [merch = to trade 經(jīng)商;-ant →] adj.商人 舉例:Some merchants do their business mostly with foreign countries. 有些商人主要做國(guó)外生意。 4.pendant [pend = to hang 懸掛;-ant →“懸掛物”→] n.垂飾 舉例:He bought a pair of ear pendants for her. 他為她買(mǎi)了一對(duì)耳墜子。