前綴ad-有十幾種變體，分別是ac-,as-,af-,ag-,al-,an-,ap-,ar-,at-,a-,ad-是個(gè)構(gòu)詞能力很強(qiáng)，而又變化多端的原生詞綴。它原是一個(gè)拉丁介詞，意思相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)的to或at。在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中ad-是個(gè)僵化詞綴，它只能出現(xiàn)在與拉丁詞根相結(jié)合而成的原始派生詞中。前綴ad-和其他大部分前綴一樣，會(huì)受到某些輔音字母語(yǔ)音變化的影響而出現(xiàn)輔音字母同化或輔音字母脫落等現(xiàn)象，這便有了ad-十幾種變體。為了敘述方便，我們先介紹ad-的構(gòu)詞實(shí)例，然后再逐一討論各種異體情況。 ad-出現(xiàn)在元音字母及d,h,j,m,v等字母之前。 1.adapt [ad-=to到；apt = to join 連→“連接到新環(huán)境去”→] v.使適應(yīng)；使適合 舉例：Can you adapt your way of working to the new conditions?你能使自己的工作方式適應(yīng)新的情況嗎？ 2.adequate [ad- = to 到；equ = equal 相等；-ate = to make 使→ 使與...相等→] adj.適當(dāng)?shù)模蛔銐虻?br> 舉例：His wages are adequate to support his family.他的薪金足以養(yǎng)家。 3.adit [ad- = to 到;it=going 走→走到某地→] n.途徑；入口 舉例：This is the only adit to the mine.這是到礦井的惟一入口。 4.adorn [ad- = to 到；orn = to equip 裝配→“裝配于....”] v.使生色；裝飾 舉例：Wild flowers adorn the river banks. 野花點(diǎn)綴著河岸。 5.adult [ad- = to 到；ult = grown up 成長(zhǎng)→“長(zhǎng)大成型的”→] adj.已經(jīng)成熟的；已成年的 舉例：The magazine is meant for adult readers.該雜志是面向成年的讀者的。 6.addict [ad- = to 到；dict = to say 說(shuō)→“對(duì)....表示贊成”→縱情于....→] v.沉溺于，醉心于 舉例：He addicted himself to gamble. 他賭上癮了。 7.adhere [ad- = to 到；her= to stick 粘；-e→“粘到某物上”→] v.粘附；依附，堅(jiān)持 舉例：Don't adhere to your own ideas when you are proved wrong. 既然證明你錯(cuò)了，就不要固執(zhí)已見了。 8.adjacent [ad- = at 在；jac = to lie 位于；-ent adj. = -ing →“位于附近的”→] adj.鄰近的 舉例：The house adjacent to ours has been sold.與我們相近的那座房子已經(jīng)出售了。 下面舉例說(shuō)明ad-的異體ab-,af-,as-,ag-等的構(gòu)詞情況，請(qǐng)注意詞根首字母的特點(diǎn)。 1.abbreviate [ab-(ad-) = to 到；brevi = short 短；-ate v. = to make 使→“使變短到某種程度”→] v.縮寫；簡(jiǎn)略 舉例：We can abbreviate "Monday " to "Mon.". 我們可以將Monday 縮寫成Mon. 2.affect [af-(ad-) = to 對(duì)；fect = to do 做 → to do sth. 對(duì)...做了某事→] v. 影響 舉例：The disease affected his memory. 那疾病影響了他的記憶。 3.arrive [ar-(ad-) = to 到；riv (rip) = shore 岸；-e→“到岸”→] v.到達(dá) 舉例：The train arrived at the station on time. 火車正點(diǎn)到站。 4.assist [as-(ad-) = at 在;sist = to stand 站→“站在某人身邊”→] v. 幫助 舉例：She often assisted her mother with the housework. 她常幫助母親做家務(wù)事。 5.attend [at-(ad-)= to 向；tend = to stretch 伸→“把手或心思伸向...”→] v.注意 舉例： Please attend to the baggage. 請(qǐng)留神這些行李。 6.aggress [ag-(ad-) = to 向；gress = to step 跨步→“向某人逼近一步”→] v.攻擊，挑釁；侵略 舉例：Who aggressed in the fight? 是誰(shuí)先動(dòng)手打人的？ 7.alleviate [al- (ad-) = to 對(duì)；levi = light 輕；-ate v. = to make 使→“使某事對(duì)某人的壓力變輕”→] v.減輕，緩和 舉例：Try to alleviate the patient's suffering. 盡力減輕患者的痛苦。 8.annex [an- (ad-) = to 到；nex = to bind 綁→將一物綁到另一物上→] v.附加，并吞 舉例：The United States annexed Taxas in 1845.美國(guó)于1845年兼并了得克薩斯州這塊土地。 9.appear [ap-(ad-) = to 向；pear (par) = to come →來(lái)→“向...走來(lái)”→] v.出現(xiàn) 舉例：A ship suddenly appeared on the horizon. 一艘船突然出現(xiàn)在天邊。 ad-異ac- 可出現(xiàn)在c,k,q等讀[k]的字母前面。 1.acclaim [ac<ad(=to) claim(=cry out)向某人大聲叫喊] vt.welcome someone with praise，joy，and applause along with loud shouts 歡呼，喝彩，極力稱贊； n.the act of doing this歡呼，喝彩，極力稱贊；acclamation 喝彩，歡呼； 舉例：The film debuted to widespread acclaim. 那部電影首映就收到廣泛的贊揚(yáng)。 2.accommodate [ac<ad(=to) com(=together) mod(=fit)使適合于某物] vt. oneself to sth ;make fit;kindly give someone what he wants;have rooms for persons;reconcile disputes 適應(yīng)；提供某人某事物；提供住宿，容納；調(diào)節(jié)，使和解； accommodation適應(yīng)；住宿；住所；和解；accommodating親切的；順從的，迎合的；肯通融的；accommodative適應(yīng)的；親切的； 舉例：The hotel staff made every effort to accommodate our least desire. 哪怕是我們提出的最小的要求，飯店職員也一樣竭盡全力去滿足。 3.acquit [ac<ad(=to) qui(=quiet)讓某人心境平和] vt.sb of sth;set someone free from a charge of crime or from duty;behave;conduct無(wú)罪釋放；免除責(zé)任；立身處事；做出表現(xiàn)； acquittal釋放；表現(xiàn)；acquittance解除；債務(wù)的清理； 舉例：The jury acquitted the prisoner after a short deliberation. 陪審團(tuán)經(jīng)過(guò)短暫的審議，決定無(wú)罪釋放犯人。